Improvement in air-compressors



J. CLAYTON. Air-Compressor.

. No. 222,014. Patented Nov. 25, 1872.

L'UNITE'..TD STATES PATENT Grafton;

Y JAMES CLAYTON, OF BROOKLYN, NE-W YORK.

IM PROVENI ENT IN Al R-COM PARESSO RS.

` Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 222,014, datedNovember 25, 1879; application filed September 19, '1879. i

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it knownthat I, JAMES CLAYTON, of Brooklyn, in Kings county, andState of New York, have invented newand useful Improvements inAir-Compressors,` of which the following is a specification.

In working air-compressors a great amount of heat is generated wit-hinthe air-cylinders, and in order to keep the cylinders cool they arecommonly provided with a jacket, through which water is circulated. Asthe air is at its greatest pressure at the end of the stroke oftheair-compressing piston,rit follows that the cylinder becomeshottest nearthe ends, and the expansion causesthe diameter at the ends to increase,leaving the diameter of the cylinder least atthe middle. From this causethe air-compressing piston will bind at the middle of the stroke andleak at the ends.

The object of my invention is to provide for maintaining an eventemperature of the cylinder throughout its length, so that the rate ofexpansion shall be uniform, and variations in the diameter of thecylinder at different points be prevented.

'Io this end myinvention consists in an aircompressing cylinder, havinga water-jacket, t-he water-inlets of which are at or near the two endsof the cylinder, and the water-outlet of which is at or near the middleof the length of the cylinder. When such cylinder is arrangedhorizontally its water-inlets will be at the top, with passages leadingdown each side thereof, thence towards the middle and up each side tothe wateroutlet.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a longitudinal sectionthrough an air-compressing cylinder embodying my invention; Fig. 2, atransverse section thereof on line 00 Fig. l; and Fig. 3, a plan, aportion of the cylinder itself being broken awayr to show the exteriorof the lining with its pasv sages.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thefigures.

VA designates a double-actin g horizontal aircompressing cylinder, and Bthe heads thereof, one of which is provided with a stuffingbox, a,through which the piston-rod may pass. C designates valve-chests uponthe top of the cylinder, which may contain inlet and outlet valves ofany desired kind, but which, as they form no part of the presentinvention, are not here represented.

I) designates a removable lining, inserted in the cylinder, and providedat each end withl flanges or ribs l), for centering it* properly in thecylinder. This lining is so constructed as to form a jacket around thecylinder for t-he circulation of water or any other coolingagent.

E designates inlet-pipes for the water or other coolingagent, andF anoutlet-pipe there for.

When the air-compressin g cylinder is placed horizontally, as hererepresented, the portion which will become `most highly heated is at theends and upon the top, as the hot air rises and is discharged at the topof the cylinder.

When the cold water or other cooling-agent enters at the pipes E,itenters extended chambers Gr, extending nearly half the length of thecylinder, and from thence passes each side ofthe cylinder throughopenings c, down passages H, to the bottom of the cylinder, whence itpasses longitudinallythrough openings d., to a central passage, I, andthence to the outlet-pipe F. A

The several passages are here formed by providing the lining D with ribsor iianges f, extending upon its exterior, and broken away so as to formopenings for the passage of water at the proper points.

In lieu'f the removable lining, however, the several passages might bemade within the casting of the cylinder.

It will be seen that the water upon entering, when it is coldest, comesin contact with the `warmest parts ot' the cylinder and abstracts moreheat from such portions than it does from the middle portions; hence thetemperature of the cylinder will be more nearly uniform throughout itslength.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. An 'air-compressing cylinder, having a water-jacket, the waterinletsof which are at or near the two ends of the cylinder, and thewater-outlet of which is at or near the middle of the length of thecylinder, substantially as specified. y

2. A horizontal aircompressing cylinder having a surroundingWater-juoket, 'tl1e Water-inlets of which are at or n'ear each end ofthe cylinder and at the top thereof', and in which are passages leadingfrom the said inlets down each side of', and thence toward the middle ofthe length of the cylinder, and up each side thereof, to a Water-outletnear the middle of the length thereof, substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

3. The horizontal air-compressing cylinder A, having a surroundingwater-jacket composing the extended chambers G, on top and at each endofthe cylinder, to which Water is admitted through the inlet E, thepassages H leading. therefrom, down each side of the cylinder, and thepassage I leading up each side ofthe cylinder to the outlet F,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

JAMES CLAYTON. Witnesses FREDK. HAYNEs, E. P. JEssUP.

